{"id":12285,"date":"2020-05-14T12:26:52","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T12:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/?page_id=12285"},"modified":"2024-11-06T12:02:57","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T12:02:57","slug":"cheat-sheet-rfid-evaluation-selection","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/cheat-sheet-rfid-evaluation-selection\/","title":{"rendered":"Cheat Sheet \u2013 RFID Evaluation &#038; Selection"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_section full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1589438219221{background-image: url(https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/background.png?id=11905) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221;][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Preparation for RFID Certification Exam&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Cheat Sheet \u2013 RFID Evaluation &amp; Selection&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section][vc_row gap=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>RFID systems can be made up of many different components, standards and differing RFID technology; any combination of which can have different performance, cost and implementation implications. So the correct choice of technology\/components is crucial if the RFID system selected is to meet the needs that it is intended to meet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;MAIN OBJECTIVES&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Know how to identify the specific needs that the RFID system is intended to meet<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Understand relative costs between different types of components<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Understand relative performance characteristics of different RFID systems\/technologies<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Identify what type of RFID system is best suited to meet those needs and why<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Know how to select an appropriate combination of system components to meet those needs<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Know which standards are optimal for\u00a0tag\u00a0data<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Recognize the type of regulatory constraints that may apply<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_row_inner content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1589440356193{border-left-width: 3px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #f6f6f6 !important;border-left-color: #ff871c !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-radius: 5px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Download the Cheat Sheet in PDF&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:p|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_btn title=&#8221;Download&#8221; style=&#8221;custom&#8221; custom_background=&#8221;#ff871c&#8221; custom_text=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; link=&#8221;url:%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2F7-Cheat-Sheet-Evaluation-Selection.pdf&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=&#8221;30&#8243; el_class=&#8221;default-list&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;HOW TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC NEEDS&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]All the needs are determined during a site and workflow assessment<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Current data collection\u00a0<strong>system assessment and business process analysis<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 determines the current systems used and processes deployed, their strengths and weaknesses<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>A site survey<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 provides a physical review, analysis, recommendations and report by qualified RFID Engineers of the site where RFID infrastructure and equipment will be installed so that the RFID processes work 100% of the time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;HOW TO SELECT THE RIGHT COMBINATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]<strong>Technical considerations for tag selection:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Material composition of materials being tagged (items as well as container)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Minimum and maximum\u00a0read range\u00a0needed<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Minimum and maximum amount of tags in the\u00a0read\u00a0zone at any one time<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Speed of tags travelling through the read zone<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Physical dimensions and tag\u00a0orientation\u00a0based on size of the objects tagged<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Technical considerations for reader selection:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Reader location for each read point in the process flow, also whether fixed or handheld<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Power source \u2013 POE, AC, Battery<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Network connections \u2013 Ethernet, Serial, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Number and placement of antennas and\u00a0antenna\u00a0ports (bistatic, monostatic)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Type of peripherals required \u2013 lights, horns, motion sensors, electric eyes, PLCs to control other devices like cameras, door locks, gates, conveyors, etc.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Reader management tools \u2013 local, remote, online<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Environmental protection of the reader \u2013 to prevent damage in harsh environments, NEMA boxes, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Technical considerations for antenna selection:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Technical characteristics of antenna \u2013\u00a0gain, high or low.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Antenna pattern including directivity (length, read zone, etc.)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Polarization, linear or circular, which would provide the best coverage.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Number of antennas required and whether bistatic or monostatic would be best.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Best method for mounting the antenna \u2013 knuckle joints (3 axis), mounting plates and brackets, consider special environmental conditions such as vibration, moisture, limited space, etc.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Environmental protection \u2013 IP rating of an antenna to ensure it will survive the conditions, especially when mounted outdoors or in harsh environments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Environmental Conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>Weather<\/strong>\u00a0(outside) \u2013 rain, snow, wind, temperature, humidity<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>Type of Facility<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 industrial \/ business, Store front, Clean room<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>Condition within the Facility<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 temperature extremes, humidity, chemicals, industrial dust \/ lint, vibration, motion \/ movement<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>Location of \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>heavy machinery, conveyor belts, restricted zones by machines<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>Type of storage shelves and cabinets\u00a0<\/strong>(metal shelving will block\/reflect RF)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>Emissions from Machines:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Heat, steam, chemicals \u2013 will damage hardware<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Electromagnetic Field\u00a0(EMF) and\u00a0Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)\u00a0\u2013 will affect system performance and reading tags by interfering with the RF signal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;STANDARDS OPTIMAL FOR TAG DATA&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ISO\/IEC 15961<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Data\u00a0Protocol: Application\u00a0Interface\u00a0(defines AFI = Application Family Identifier, equivalent to\u00a0<a class=\"glossaryLink \" href=\"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/epc-gen2-reader-commands-and-q-parameter\/\" data-cmtooltip=\"Electronic Product Code. A numbering standards created by EPCglobal, Inc. to uniquely identify objects.\">EPC<\/a>\u00a0Header)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>ISO\/IEC 15962<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Data Protocol: Data Encoding Rules and Logical\u00a0Memory\u00a0Functions<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>ISO\/IEC 15963<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Unique Identification for RF Tags (related to TID Memory)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>GS1\/EPC Global<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 EPC Tag Data Standards, Version 1.9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;GS1\/EPC GLOBAL TAG DATA STANDARDS, VERSION 1.9&#8243; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]This standard defines EPC tag data formats for Generation 2 tags. It defines how the EPC is encoded on the tag and how it is encoded for use in the information systems layers of the EPC Systems Network. The standard includes specific encoding schemes for EPC General Identifier (GID). It also defines encoding of six other numbering systems for 96 bits used in global trade:<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>SGTIN (Serialized GTIN) \u2013 Serialized\u00a0EAN.UCC\u00a0Global Trade\u00a0Item\u00a0Number<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>SSCC \u2013\u00a0EAN.UCC\u00a0Serial Shipping Container Code<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>GLN \u2013 EAN.UCC Global Location Number<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>GRAI \u2013 EAN.UCC Global Returnable Asset Identifier<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>GIAI \u2013 EAN.UCC Global Individual Asset Identifier<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>DoD \u2013 US Department of Defense number<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS THAT MAY APPLY&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li>Radio Licensing Regulations<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Radio Use Regulations\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Transmission power levels<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Transmission channels<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Frequency\u00a0use<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Health and Safety regulations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>FCC Part 15.247\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Governs allowed transmitted power from the reader\/interrogator\u00a0(maximum 4 W EIRP),<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Frequency hopping channels (50) and the\u00a0channel\u00a0width (500 kHz).<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>For systems using digital\u00a0modulation\u00a0in the 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz bands, the maximum peak conducted output power of intentional radiators is 1 watt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>ETSI 302 208 (newer)\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>865.0\u00a0\u2013 868.0 MHz<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>15 channels \u2013 200 kHz each<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Three sub-bands<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Up to 2 W ERP in subband 865.6 \u2013 877.6 MHz (10 channels)<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Required Listen Before Talk (LBT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>ETSI 300-220 (older, restrictive)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Each country has their own organization and regulations, often they take guidelines from the FCC or ETSI.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row gap=&#8221;30&#8243; el_class=&#8221;default-list&#8221;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;RELATIVE COSTS BETWEEN COMPONENTS&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]All the needs are determined during a site and workflow assessment<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-list\">\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>RFID Readers<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Fixed readers \u2013 approximately $700 and up, most often around $1000 \u2013 1500<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Handheld readers \u2013 more expensive than fixed readers, approximately $1000 and up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>RFID Printers<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 more expensive than readers, approximately $1700 and up, most industrial printers around 3 \u2013 4K<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>RFID Antennas<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 from around $50 to few hundred dollars \u2013 depending on type<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>RFID Cables<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 from $20 depending on length and rating<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i><strong>RFID Tags<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Passive \u2013 cheapest, 5 cents in very high volumes for inlays, usually around a $1 for labels for low volumes, several dollars for specialty tags<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"sui sui-caret-right\"><\/i>Semi-passive and active tags \u2013 more expensive, usually in tens of dollars<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT RFID TECHNOLOGIES&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left|color:%230f4996&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;12287&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_section full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1589438219221{background-image: url(https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/background.png?id=11905) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}&#8221;][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Preparation for RFID Certification Exam&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Cheat Sheet \u2013 RFID Evaluation &amp; Selection&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|text_align:center|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section][vc_row gap=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column][vc_column_text] RFID systems can be made up of many different components, standards and differing RFID technology; any combination of which can have different performance, cost and implementation implications. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12285","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12285"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19440,"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12285\/revisions\/19440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rfid4u.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}